2026-04-16T05:02:12Z https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/oai

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/3 2025-12-29T10:41:37Z files:ART

Feminist and Traditional Patriarchal Perspectives in D. H. Lawrence’s Women in Love Dr.Vinaya Kumari Silence, Brightness, Contravened, Prescience, Understanding The two sisters worked on in silence. Ursula having always that strange brightness of an essential flame that is caught, meshed, contravened. She lived a good deal by herself, to herself, working, passing on from day to day, and always thinking, trying to lay hold on life, to grasp it in her own understanding. She seemed to try and put her hands out, like an infant in the womb, and she could not, not yet. Still she had a strange prescience, an intimation of something yet to come. Edutechy Publications 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/3 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.10106 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 1, May-June 2025; 1-6 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/3/1

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/4 2025-12-29T10:41:37Z files:ART

English Language Teachers' Perceptions Regarding Psychosocial Environment: A Case Study at BS Level Muhammad Abbas Sehrish Iftikhar Teacher perception, classroom ecology, psychosocial environment, English language instruction, BS level This study investigates how English language instructors at the BS level in Multan perceive the psychosocial environment of their classrooms and how various ecological factors influence their teaching. It explores the psychological and social dynamics within English language classrooms, focusing on elements such as student collaboration, autonomy, participation, and task orientation. These factors are analyzed in terms of how they shape and redefine teachers’ perspectives on the teaching-learning process. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires administered to BS-level English teachers in universities and colleges. The findings, analyzed using correlation and regression techniques, reveal that the psychosocial climate significantly impacts teachers' perceptions and practices in English language instruction. The study emphasizes the importance of creating supportive learning environments to improve instructional quality and learner engagement. Edutechy Publications 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/4 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.10713 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 1, May-June 2025; 7-13 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/4/2

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/5 2025-12-29T10:41:37Z files:ART

Anthropocene Through The Lens of Richard Powers The Overstory Mrs. Sumithasree Dr. Anin Leema Anthropocene Epoch, Anthropocene, Literary canon, and repercussions. Literature plays a pivotal role in sculpting human life. It empowers the person to obtain, learn, and inspire the society in a better way. The different genres of literature help to explore the authentic concerns encountered by mankind. It narrates beyond the tales of human life and serves as a powerful medium to portray humanity’s most pressing concerns. The most concerning struggle of humans at the present is climate change and its’ consequences. Because of this, slowly, we are entering into the Anthropocene epoch because of the human activities against environment on the earth. This may seem like the problem of the ecologists and environmentalists, but it is also interconnected with the literature of various languages. It is a known fact that on numerous occasions’ literature helps us to explore the complex, multifaceted connections between human existence and the environment. Many times, literature inspires critical reflection, raises awareness, and encourages action. The present paper aims to bring out the environmental issues and repercussions represented in the Richard Powers The Overstory and how American literary works helps in analyzing, predicting, and visualizing the environmental related issues in real life. Edutechy Publications 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/5 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.11418 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 1, May-June 2025; 14-18 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/5/3

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/6 2025-12-29T10:41:37Z files:ART

Political Satire and Bureaucratic Corruption: An Analysis of Shyam Benegal’s Film “Well Done Abba” A H Parvin Dr. T. Naresh Naidu corruption, RTI, transparency, accountability, rural governance, political satire Corruption poses a significant obstacle in governance, threatening transparency, accountability, and the efficiency of institutions. In India, corruption within the bureaucracy hampers the implementation of welfare programs, denying marginalized communities access to vital resources. The Right to Information Act (RTI) of 2005 was established to address corruption by enhancing transparency and empowering citizens. Nonetheless, systemic inefficiencies and resistance from bureaucrats persist, preventing its complete effectiveness. Shyam Benegal’s Well Done Abba (2009) serves as a political satire that critiques corruption and shortcomings in rural governance. Through the protagonist's battle to secure a well in his village, the film reveals the systemic issues within government welfare initiatives and highlights the role of RTI in exposing corruption. This paper analyzes Well Done Abba as a case study to investigate governance failures, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and the impact of political satire on public awareness. The study underscores both the effectiveness and limitations of transparency measures in India by juxtaposing the film’s storyline with actualcorruption cases revealed through RTI. The findings indicate that although RTI has brought to light several fraudulent incidents, deeper structural reforms are essential for lasting change. The study concludes by stressing the importance of political satire in promoting civic awareness and stimulating democratic engagement. Edutechy Publications 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/6 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.11931 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 1, May-June 2025; 19-31 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/6/4

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/7 2025-12-29T10:41:37Z files:ART

The Evolution of Indigenous Words in Selected Novels of Modern Indian Writers: Language Change and Shifts Suman Devi Colonization, social media, borrowed words, cultural identity, Indian English This study focuses on the use of indigenous words in Indian English in the selected novels of modern Indian Writers. It is an explorative study where many indigenous words have been used and analyzed deeply in Indian English in modern era. Here, note taking technique has been used to note down the indigenous words in Indian English writing. This is also called as Indian English or Inglish. There are some selected novels from which the words have been taken, such as – Arundhati Roy’s ‘God of Small Thing’, Khushwant Singh’s ‘Train to Pakistan’ where many words are local words which are called as Indian English which shows the reflection of socio linguistic uses. It is the study of these two writers that how they have borrowed some Indian words or local words into daily practices.These words have been borrowed from different cultures, events, marriages and historical words which became a trend in IndianEnglish. In modern English, social media is also helping to incorporate the local words in speaking. By using of these words, one shows their identity as an individual or societal. All these words show the rich culture and history, tradition of India. This study also highlights that how lexical words reflect the Indian history and how socio linguistic practices can be seen in Indian English. In these two novels,there code mixing and code-switching words have been assimilated. Code switching words in Indian English have become a medium ofengagement while communicating. These words are local words which are blended with English language what we use in daily life which show our identity as an individual or as a society. This study also sheds light on how such novels expose the Indian words which show our cultural heritage and identity. These are the lexical words which represent a society’s identity or cultural values which is the pride of a nation.. Edutechy Publications 2025-05-09 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/7 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.13238 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 1, May-June 2025; 32-38 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/7/5

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/21 2025-12-01T05:53:49Z files:ART

Representation Redefined: The Tawaif in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Devdas and Heeramandi Priya Kumari Ahmed Shabin K K Tawaifs, Cultural Representation, Marginalized Identities, OTT Platforms, Indian Media Indian cinema has undergone a significant transformation in its form and ideology under the sway of globalization, digitalization, and feminist discourse. In recent years, amid the growing prominence of the OTT platforms, narrative freedom has expanded, enabling filmmakers to reimagine marginalized identities beyond Bollywood’s melodramatic conventions. In this evolving mediascape, the tawaif- once an iconic cultural figure who were later reduced to a tragic courtesan- serves as a critical lens for examining the shifting grammar of women's representation. This paper analyses Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Devdas (2002) and Heeramandi (2024) through Stuart Hall’s theory of representation to explore the paradigmatic shifts in narrative, visuality, and performance. This study further identifies a transformation of the tawaif from objectified and tragic figures in Devdas to empowered and multilayered characters in Heeramandi. Ultimately, it contributes to media representation debates by demonstrating how evolving platforms reshape cultural narratives and recuperate marginalized voices. Edutechy Publications 2025-11-26 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/21 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.20108 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 2, July-August 2025 ; 1-8 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/21/6 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/22 2025-12-01T07:10:00Z files:ART

Multifacetedness of Collective Memory and Identity in Elie Wiesel’s The Fifth Son Subhamol R.S Memory, Collective memory, Cultural memory, Holocaust, Trauma, Identity crisis The paper analyses the important aspects of the multifaced operation of collective memory and its influence on identity formation in Elie Wiesel’s The Fifth Son (1985). To shape an outlook on society collective memory plays a significant role in shaping individual consciousness and social outlook. The paper investigates the sociological theories of collective memory based on the theoretical findings of the French philosopher Maurice Halbwachs (1992) and the sociologist David Sontag Rieff (2016). It provides a detailed study of the influence of collective memory and the collective trauma of suffering experienced by the Jewish community. By adopting the qualitative textual analysis, the paper examines how the protagonist Ariel Tamiroff navigates inherited trauma across three developmental stages. Wiesel is a fine craftsman with an extraordinary talent for portraying the exact realities of historical trauma. His virtuosity is a tool to reveal the significance of the cultural, social and religious elements in Judaic tradition. He also discusses the influence of all these elements in shaping the collective history of the community. In The Fifth Son, Wiesel voices the anxieties, traumas, hysteria and unending guilt the children of the second-generation of the Holocaust experience. As a real victim of the troubles of the Holocaust, he shares the impact of the pain of being displaced while transplanting the collective memory of an entire social community. Edutechy Publications 2025-11-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/22 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.20917 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 2, July-August 2025 ; 10-17 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/22/7 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/23 2025-12-06T10:38:50Z files:ART

A Comparative Analysis of Reading Habits among Standard Eight Students across Different School Types A. Joycilin Shermila A. Vinothini Sylvia Reading Habits, Reading Frequency, Reading Preferences, Reading Motivation and Library Utilization This study explored the reading habits, preferences, and challenges of Standard VIII students across government, government-aided, and private schools in Thoothukudi District. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from 130 students through a structured and validated questionnaire covering aspects such as reading frequency, book preferences, sources of reading materials, language preferences, digital engagement, and library usage. The findings revealed significant association between the type of school and key reading behaviours. Private school students showed greater access to books and digital platforms but surprisingly reported lower daily reading frequencies and underutilization of school libraries. In contrast, government-aided school students demonstrated structured reading patterns and higher library engagement and government school students largely depended on informal sources like peers and exhibited stronger preferences for traditional books and mother tongue reading. Educational implications underscored the need for equitable access to resources and tailored reading interventions. Edutechy Publications 2025-11-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/23 10.70682/s3r.2025.1.021825 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 2, July-August 2025 ; 19-25 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/23/8 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/24 2025-12-11T11:01:24Z files:ART

Use of Digital Applications- Quizlet, Kahoot, and Padlet in ESL Classroom Seema Menon Rajesh Quizlet, Kahoot, Padlet, ESL, Gamified, eLearning, Digital pedagogy Quizlet, Kahoot and Padlet are digital resources that are widespread in most modern ESL classes, but their pedagogical usefulness is questionable. A recent synthesis of research on these tools reveals three main findings: (1) the essential skills represented by each platform are reinforced by their use; (2) learning outcomes are realized as learners engage with constructivist pedagogies; and (3) sociocultural and gamification principles are involved in the effectiveness of these technologies in the ESL classroom. A literature review conducted to synthesize research published within the recent ten years reveals that learners can learn best when they actively construct knowledge, partner with others, and get immediate feedback in stimulating settings. These tools encourage interaction, but they are associated with several challenges, such as technical inequities, excessive visual and auditory stimulation, rapid interaction, which can foster surface learning and extensive preparation time of the teacher. In general, technology is strictly curriculum-based to maximize learning. The review ends with the recommendations about studying the long-term learning impacts, varied conditions, and features that can maintain the interest of learners. Edutechy Publications 2025-11-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/24 10.70682/s3r.2025.01.022635 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 2, July-August 2025 ; 27-35 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/24/9 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/25 2025-12-13T11:22:31Z files:ART

Virginia Woolf: Redefining Gender and Freedom Arpana Bhargava Suman Devi Feminist Theory, Gender Equality, Modernism, Virginia Woolf, Women’s Autonomy Virginia Woolf remains one of the most transformative literary figures of the twentieth century, whose works not only revolutionized modernist narrative techniques but also reshaped feminist thought. Her writings, deeply introspective and socially perceptive, opened new avenues for understanding gender, identity, creativity, and women’s place within patriarchal structures. This study examines Woolf’s feminist ideology as reflected in her key works such as A Room of One’s Own, Mrs. Dalloway, Orlando, and Professions for Women, analyzing how she challenged traditional power structures and articulated a compelling vision of intellectual and economic freedom for women. By situating Woolf within the broader continuum of feminist history, from Wollstonecraft’s liberal advocacy to Beauvoir’s existential feminism, the paper highlights her role in bridging philosophical, literary, and psychological dimensions of women’s emancipation. Using qualitative textual and contextual methods, the study demonstrates that Woolf’s narrative experimentation, socio-economic critique, and symbolic representations continue to shape contemporary debates on gender equality. Ultimately, her feminist ideology offers a lasting framework for interpreting women’s autonomy, identity formation, and resistance in modern society. Edutechy Publications 2025-11-21 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/25 10.70682/s3r.2025.01.023644 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1 , Issue 2, July-August 2025 ; 36-44 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/25/10 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/27 2026-03-10T11:02:51Z files:ART

The Use of Silence and Punctuation as Stylistic and Interpretative Devices in Carol Ann Duffy’s Selected Poems Sajna Raghavan Femininity; Feminist Poetics; Identity; Subversion; Voice The role of silence in present-day poetry is a peculiar expressive mode, in which emotionalism, psychologicality, and socio-political criticism can be usefully spoken to. Punctuation, spacing, visual form and function in a feminist and cognitive-stylistic constructivism of silence is material construction in the poetry of Carol Ann Duffy. Utilizing a well-constructed silence as a form of communicative effort, Duffy creates a space of silence that discloses trauma, undermines patriarchal speech, asks questions of identity and invites the reader to actively interpret these questions. Drawing on feminist theory, stylistics and discourse analysis, this paper examines how Duffy develops a distinctive grammar of silence and punctuation function in a selection of Duffy’s poems and redefines the expressive possibilities of contemporary poetic language. Edutechy Publications 2025-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/27 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.01.030114 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 3, September-October 2025; 1-14 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/27/11 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/30 2026-03-10T11:02:51Z files:ART

The Boon-Bane Paradox of Indian Higher Education Huma Parveen Divya Capability Approach, Credentialism, Educational Inequality, Employability, Policy Reform This study takes a closer look at the paradox within India’s higher education system, a system that empowers millions of young people while, at the same time, deepening inequality. Drawing on national reports and data from 2014 to 2024, including AISHE, PLFS, NEP 2020, and World Bank sources, it uses a qualitative, policy-based approach to understand how education can be both an opportunity and a barrier. Guided by the Human Capital Theory, Capability Approach, and Credentialism Theory, the study finds that although recent reforms have widened access, improved gender balance, and strengthened global engagement, they have also created new challenges such as skill gaps, commercialization, and rising mental health concerns. The evidence suggests that rapid expansion has not been matched by equal attention to quality and student well-being. To move forward, India’s highereducation system must become more learner-centered, inclusive, and capability-focused, balancing employability with ethics and ambition with emotional well-being. Such change is vital to transform education from a race for credentials into a true foundation for human development. Edutechy Publications 2025-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/30 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.01.031523 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 3, September-October 2025; 15-23 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/30/12 Copyright (c) 2026 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/31 2026-03-10T11:02:51Z files:ART

AI-Driven Transformation in India’s Education and Employment Sectors: Evidence from a Quantitative Study Syed Imranul Haque Artificial Intelligence; ChatGPT; Data Privacy; Digital Equity; Employment; India; Learning Experiences Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models such as ChatGPT, is increasingly reshaping education and employment worldwide. This study examines the impact of AI on learning experiences, skill development, administrative efficiency, and employment readiness in India. Using a quantitative design, data were collected through an online survey of 150 participants, including teachers, students, and government employees. Analysis using IBM SPSS revealed excellent reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.913). Regression results showed a moderate to strong positive relationship between AI integration and learning and employment outcomes (R = 0.651, R² = 0.423, p < .001). Descriptive findings showed strong agreement that AI improves administrative efficiency and instructional support (Mean = 4.17) and enhances career guidance and skill development (Mean = 4.07). AI-enabled personalization received a comparatively lower mean score (Mean = 3.81), reflecting concerns related to access and digital literacy. Overall, the findings confirm AI’s transformative role in India’s education and employment sectors, while emphasizing the need for ethical governance, digital equity, and humancentered implementation. Edutechy Publications 2025-12-22 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/31 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.032441 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 3, September-October 2025; 24-41 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/31/13 Copyright (c) 2026 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/33 2026-03-10T11:11:00Z files:ART

Heritage Language Loss in Multilingual Migrant Families: AQualitative Study of Kerala Christian Diaspora Households Reena Alice Alex Suman Devi Acculturation; bilingual identity; diaspora multilingualism; family language policy; heritage language loss; linguistic capital This qualitative research is an attempt to explore heritage language loss in Kerala Christian migrant families in Western and Middle Eastern areas. Although researchers have previously recorded intergenerational language shift among immigrant populations, little has been recorded on faith-based South Indian diasporic families and the interaction of family language policy, type of migration, and institutionalized religious behavior. To fill this gap, the paper relies on semi-structured interviews with twenty-four families and uses thematic analysis to understand thelanguage preferences of parents, the practices of church language, generational communication, and identity change. Results indicate that English is an aspirational linguistic capital, which hastens intergenerational change, especially in long-term permanent Western migration situations. Nonetheless, organized home-based policies, religious reinforcement, and the involvement of grandparents have led to moderate erosion. The research adds to the body of scholarship in family language policy in establishing the ways in which religious institutions may act as preservation agents and as causes of heritage language loss. The results complement existing studies on the topic of diaspora multilingualism by anticipating the sociocultural dynamics of Kerala Christian migrant families and identifying future directions in them maintenance of bilingual sustainability. Edutechy Publications 2026-03-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/33 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.01.034256 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 3, September-October 2025; 42-56 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/33/14 Copyright (c) 2025 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/37 2026-04-10T10:00:53Z files:ART

Anti-Cathartic Magical Realism: A Comparative Study of Trauma in Luvina and Pan’s Labyrinth Aishwarya Dharani T. Naresh Naidu Anti-Catharsis; Comparative Analysis; Magical Realism; Multidirectional Memory; Trauma Representation This study aims to seek the relationship between trauma and catharsis through magical realism in Juan Rulfo’s Luvina and Guillermo del Toro’s Pan’s Labyrinth. It uses a comparative close-reading approach, to analyzes, how both works depict historical and political trauma without narrative closure. In Luvina, the barren and spectral landscape reflects post-revolutionary disillusionment in rural Mexico. Here, the spectral voices and suspended time reinforce a condition of ongoing desolation rather than healing. Similarly in Pan’s Labyrinth, trauma appears through the porous boundary between the fantasy and historical reality, by intertwining the fairytale imagery with the violence of Francoist Spain. The magical realism here, does not offer redemption, rather it coexists with brutality, by underscoring the limits of catharsis. The study argues that both the texts employ an anticathartic narrative mode, that sustains trauma, encourages ethical witnessing, and supports multidirectional memory rather than offering false closure Edutechy Publications 2026-04-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/37 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.01.035771 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 3, September-October 2025; 57-71 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/37/15 Copyright (c) 2026 S3R Journal of English Language and Education

oai:ojs.s3rjournal.com:article/38 2026-04-11T10:17:35Z files:ART

Gendered Labour and Caste Hierarchies: A Comparative Study of Domestic and Ritual Labour in Sangati and Rudali Arhatha J T. Naresh Naidu Gendered labour, Domestic labour, Ritual labour, Caste and gender, Dalit feminism, Comparative literature, Sangati, Rudali This study examines the representation of women’s labour in Sangati by Bama and Rudali by Mahasweta Devi through a comparative literary approach. While much literary scholarship has addressed marginalised women’s experiences, comparatively little attention has been given to how different forms of gendered labour, particularly domestic and ritual labour, are represented and valued in literature. The objective of this study is to analyse how these texts portray women’s labour within the intersecting structures of caste, class, and gender. Using close textual analysis and comparative thematic reading, the study explores how Rudali represents ritual grief as a form of paid emotional labour, whereas Sangati presents the everyday unpaid domestic labour of marginalised women. The analysis highlights both contrasts and similarities in the visibility and recognition of labour, showing that ritual mourning becomes a public and paid activity while domestic labour remains largely private and socially unrecognised. The study also examines how the writers’ distinct narrative styles, Devi’s politically oriented realist narration and Bama’s oral, communitycentred voice, shape the literary representation of women’s labour. Through this comparative analysis, the study contributes to understanding the complex ways in which marginalised women’s labour is experienced, valued, and represented in Indian literature. Edutechy Publications 2026-04-10 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/38 10.70682/s3rjele.2025.01.040111 S3R Journal of English Language and Education ; S3R Journal : Vol. 1, Issue 4, November-December 2025; 1-11 3107-5541 eng https://s3rjournal.com/index.php/files/article/view/38/16 Copyright (c) 2026 S3R Journal of English Language and Education